The territory of Azerbaijan is located at the turn of temperate and subtropical climatic zones. Among climate-formative factors are solar radiation and atmospheric motion. Besides, latitude, features of relief, sea and ocean streams and other factors influence the formation of climate. These factors determine together distribution of the main elements of climate–temperature of air, atmospheric precipitation, wind, etc.
Baku is located on the western coast of the Caspian, in the latitude 40°21' North and length 67°20' East. Location of Baku on the coast of the Caspian Sea has a big impact on its climate.
The peninsula of Apsheron on which Baku is located, is dry subtropics with hot sunny summer and short soft winter. Being situated in the same latitude with Greece and Italy, Apsheron is notable for higher average annual temperature and less quantity of precipitation. The Caspian does not freeze in this latitude, therefore Baku port functions the whole year round. The average annual temperature of Baku and globe coincide upto the tenth part (14, 2 C). In summer months the temperature of air reaches 35-40°С. The absolute maximum of temperature rises up to 41-43°С. According to number of clear days (264) Apsheron takes the first place on the Caucasus. The quantity of hours of sunshine makes 2200-2400 hours/year. Apsheron differs with high magnitude of potential evaporation, reaching to 1000-1200 mm a year. Here autumn is much warmer than spring, for example the temperature in November and April are the same. It does not freeze very much but the thermometer quite often falls to 10°, though not for a long time. Sometimes it snows. Apsheron takes the last place on the Caucasus for quantity of precipitation (from 180 mm up to 322 mm). Precipitation fall most of all in December, January and October. In summer it almost does not rain.